The perma-ruling party in Japan, the LDP [Liberal Democratic Party], has recently lost it's majority In both Houses of the Diet.
The now former PM Ishiba resigned. As Japan has a parliamentary system, an LDP election was held and Takaichi Sanae was elected head of the LDP and a candidate for the PM position.
Then their coalition partner, the Komeito Party, bolted.
After forming a new coalition with the Japan Innovation Party, the head of the LDP had enough votes to become the new PM:
Who is Japan's 'Iron Lady' Sanae Takaichi_ - Nikkei Asia.pdf- (2.59 MiB) Downloaded 219 times
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Nikkei Asia | Who is Japan's 'Iron Lady' Sanae Takaichi